He was a renowned mathematician, poet, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. Life. and more. Accomplishments - Eratosthenes - Weebly However, his contributions to the study of the earth gave him the title of father of geography. The pecialized text They are thoe that contain a vocabulary and terminology pecific to a certain branch of knowledge. He was called Pentathlos, a title given to those who were victors in the five tests of the Olympic games, because he dedicated himself to cultivating all areas of knowledge. Between 276 and 195 BC, he created one of the first known maps of the world, but his most significant contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. b. Eratosthenes He was a Greek mathematician who had a profound interest in geography. He used as a basis the ecliptic movement, that is, the movement of the sun observed by the apparent changes of the same from the earth. Eratosthenes' "Geography". Using the precise data that Tycho had collected, Kepler discovered that the orbit of Mars was an ellipse. Aristarchus was one of the first astronomers to calculate the relative sizes of the Sun, the Moon and the Earth. Boldly, they also sailed across the open ocean to settle Iceland and Greenland, even landing in North Americabecoming the first Europeans to do so. He is regarded as the first scientific geographer who measured the length of the equator almost accurately (24860 miles) on sound principles with the help of gnomon. Eratosthenes (l. c. 276-195 BCE) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, mathematician, and poet best known for being the first to calculate the circumference of the earth and its axial tilt. He is known as the Father of Mathematics. Under Ptolemaic rule the economy prospered, based largely on the export of horses and silphium, a plant used for rich seasoning and medicine. He calculated the Earth's circumference. Cyrene was absorbed into the Ptolemaic monarchy of Egypt, which ruled from Alexandria, the cultural and commercial center of the Mediterranean. oceanography chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet He created a longitude and latitude system, as well as a map of the world. He also tried to determine the obliquity of the ecliptic. I. Eratosthenes made maps, both of the world and sky and is said to have made a map that includes 675 stars. Transit of Venus across the sum verified orbits 2. Geographers look at both the physical properties of the Earths surface and the human societies that live on it. [2][3] He was also the first to calculate Earth's axial tilt, which has also proved to have remarkable accuracy. Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer & poet. Eratosthenes (born c. 276 BCE, Cyrene, Libya) was a Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet who made the first measurements of Earths size for which any details are known. His teachers included the scholar Lysanias of Cyrene and the philosopher Ariston of Chios who had studied under Zeno, the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy. PDF Oceanography Chapter 1 Oceanography - craftonhills.edu Eratosthenes - He was a Greek mathematician who had a profound interest in geography. Your email address will not be published. He died in 194BC at 82 in Alexandria. Contributions of Greeks in the field of Physical Geography: The Greeks made remarkable development in the field of physical geography. Unfortunately, other than a few scraps, little remains of Eratosthenes original work. Eratosthenes had a significant impact on science and mathematics. At the age of about 50 he returned to Alexandria and soon became director of the Library. Eratosthenes was educated in philosophy and mathematics in Athens. He created a method known as the Siege of Eratosthenes by which he calculated the prime numbers. He extended the habitable world from Thule to Taprabone (Sri Lanka) and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Bay of Bengal. Explanation: Eratosthenes was a geographer and mathematician from Ancient Greece who is known for using geometry to determine the circumference of the Earth. a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude. Arabs were highly influenced by the Greek ideas about the shape and size of the earth. However, he assumed that Siena was right over the Tropic of Cancer, a fact that was incorrect. Are charitable contributions deductible in 2020? Ptolemy III was not moved only by his interest in the work of Eratosthenes, but also by political motives. What Is The Contributions Of Eratosthenes? - On Secret Hunt Eratosthenes was well acquainted with the extent of the Red sea, which he described as extending for about 9000 stadia (900 miles) from the head of Gulf of Suez to the Bab-al-Mandab. With the parallels and meridians, Eratosthenes located the known countries and cities. As a young man, Eratosthenes studied in Athens. environment that offers balanced, up-to-date coverage of geology, oceanography, astronomy, and meteorology. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. These six geographers are noteworthy for their contribution to the science of geography. The children were trained from the age of seven in subjects such as literature, sports and music. He drew the meridian through Alexandria, Syene, Rhodes and the mouth of Boresthenes (Dniester). When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What. [24], Eratosthenes was described by the Suda Lexicon as a (Pentathlos) which can be translated as "All-Rounder", for he was skilled in a variety of things: He was a true polymath. 175 km 4. The word geography comes from a Middle French word that was first used in 1540. geography term coined by Eratosthenes - Geographer Corner He compiled a star catalog and the earliest surviving table of a trigonometric function and established mathematically that an object and its mirror image must make equal angles to a mirror. In Alexandria, also in Egypt, at the same date and time, sunlight fell at an angle of about 7.2 from the vertical. Oceanography - National Geographic Society All Categories. In the Library of Alexandria he had access to various travel books, which contained various items of information and representations of the world that needed to be pieced together in some organized format. He was also of the opinion that the spread of the world from west to east is more than from north to south. The technology geographers and other scientists use to study the physical and cultural environments spatially and over time is with geospatial technology. Name the major oceans and their main characteristics. Omissions? Scientific Oceanography James Cook - 1768- HMS Endeavor very talented navigator, cartographer, writer, artist diplomat, sailor, scientist, dietition Scientific Contributions: 1. He described the geography of the world into two parts: (i) Europa, and (ii) Libya (Africa including Asia). Eratosthenes calculated the Earths circumference, and invented the latitude/longitude system. Earth Science Oceanography: An Invitation To Marine Science, Loose-leaf Versin How did the Library of Alexandria contribute to the development of marine science? Atlantic Ocean- long, narrow, parrallel sides 68% of freshwater runs into it. Eratosthenes used longitude in his maps, though the lines were placed irregularly so that they could pass through important landmarks. Eratosthenes was the founder of scientific chronology;[5] he used Egyptian and Persian records to estimate the dates of the main events of the mythical Trojan War, dating the sack of Troy to 1183 BC. ing of the Eratosthenes Seamount could clearly provide invaluable information regarding the oceanography and the tectonics of the east-ern Mediterranean in pre-Messinian time (McCoy and Mart, 1988; Robertson, 1992) Woodside (1977) also noted the occurrence of a 200-km-wide magnetic anomaly underneath the seamount. Besides navigation, Eratosthenes also measured the Earths circumference fairly well. In 1609 he published Astronomia Nova, delineating his discoveries, which are now called Keplers first two laws of planetary motion. Your email address will not be published. So he studied there, and briefly in Athens as well. Cars &vehicles (9) With these data (length of the shadow and length of the rod), Eratosthenes calculated the angle of the sun's rays in 1/50 of a circumference. Eratosthenes also did other things that are known today. Plato as "Architect of Science". Eratosthenes' Contribution in Mathematics - StudiousGuy Alexander the Great conquered Cyrene in 332 BC, and following his death in 323 BC, its rule was given to one of his generals, Ptolemy I Soter, the founder of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. Viking Expeditions - Tradition of Exploration - Viking Cruises He accurately depicted the Niles route to Khartoum, as well as the two Ethiopian tributaries. Mountains in the Sea - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration What happened to most of the information accumulated there? This is the sieve's key distinction from using trial division to sequentially test each candidate number for divisibility by each prime. He also studied under the head of the Platonic Academy, who was Arcesilaus of Pitane. He did this by observing the Moon during a lunar eclipse and by estimating the angle and the size of the Earth. Definition. He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; Strabo accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians. Their achievements in climatology, oceanography, geomorphology, linear measurements, determination of cardinal points, limits of habitable world, sprawl of continents and oceans are highly appreciable. PDF List Of World Capitals By Countries Wordpress [12] As he aged, he contracted ophthalmia, becoming blind around 195 BC. Etching of an ancient seal identified as Eratosthenes. His major work is 'Ges-periods' which is the first systematic description of the world. The inscription that Eratosthenes made in the mesolabe that he gave to Ptolemy III, said: "This you have at hand, friend, if you want to get double a small cube, or that transformation into any other solid figure, and also if you measure in this way an enclosure or a silo or the concave cavity of a well when you take the concurrences means between extreme limits within double rules . The geometry of the situation is sketched at the right. 2. He made maps, both of the world and sky and is said to have made a map that included 675 stars. In addition to the attempts of Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276c. (Of the measurements of the Earth). Eratosthenes (264-194 B.C.) Eratosthenes was a Greek scientist who lived from 276 to 194 B.C. Cyrene was founded by Greeks from Thera before 600 BC, and it prospered as an independent city until the arrival of the Hellenic era. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Morris, Terry R. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." Among the ancient Greek scholars Herodotus, Plato, Aristotle, Eratosthenes is the chief ones. . There is no distinction between the usages. Pacific Ocean- Largest, deepest, lots of islands and seamounts. Eratosthenes was called The Father Of Geography, since he was very knowledgeable about the earth. For his studies on the earth, Eratosthenes is known as the "father of geography." "Eratosthenes." History Of Oceanography TIMELINE | Preceden By this they meant to say that Eratosthenes was second best in all areas, as he never wanted to specialize in any. Like any young Greek at the time, Eratosthenes would have studied in the local gymnasium, where he would have learned physical skills and social discourse as well as reading, writing, arithmetic, poetry, and music.[9]. In the 1960's, Eratosthenes crater was identified by Gene Shoemaker and Robert Hackman as a key stratigraphic marker delimiting the longest period (Eratosthenian) of the lunar timescale, thought to range from about 3.2 to 1.1 billion years old! Hipparchus (c. 190120 bce) was the first to construct a table of values for a trigonometric function. Uf Women's Studies Electives, All of the planets, except for Earth, were named after Greek and Roman gods and godesses. Eratosthenes was born in approximately 276 BC. Contribution of Greek Scholar in Geography Full Notes for UGC NET 2011. Eratosthenes (276 BC - 194 BC) - Biography - MacTutor History of a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude . [25], This article is about the Greek scholar of the third century BC. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. It is believed that it was Eratosthenes' fame as a poet that attracted the attention of Ptolemy III Evergetes, who called him to Alexandria to tutor his son, as well as offering him a position as director of the city library. He never married. Among the ancient Greek scholars Herodotus, Plato, Aristotle, Eratosthenes is the chief ones. Geographika had 3 volumes. Eratosthenes analyzed the observations with the assumption that the earth is a sphere and the sun is very far away. Other things that Eratosthenes thought but did not turn out to be: the fact that the earth is a perfect sphere, that Alexandria is exactly north of Siena, and that the sun's rays are perfectly parallel. At Syene (now Aswn), some 800 km (500 miles) southeast of Alexandria in Egypt, the Suns rays fall vertically at noon at the summer solstice. Eratosthenes - New World Encyclopedia He also suggested that lakes were the source of the river. in Cyrene, a Greek city located in North Africa, in what is now the lands of Libya. He greatly overestimated the West to East distance from the Westernmost part of Europe to the Eastern extremity of the ekumene (the habitable calculated the Earths circumference and invented the first lattitude/longitude system a system of imaginary lines on the Earth, used for navigation and mapping. What was Eratosthenes greatest achievement? Oceanography; Geography of Environment; Population & Settlement Geography; Economic Geography; . [5] He adopted view of Aristotle & regarded the shape of the earth as sphere. Corrections? Book Collection Nonfiction: High School Edition. Contributions of Arab Geographers - Exclusive Notes on Geography _____ includes the study of the earth at History of Oceanography TIMELINE Print PDF Zoom Out Events Egyptian trade on nile 4000 B.C. Although these tables have not survived, it is claimed that twelve books of tables of chords were written by Hipparchus. He also devised a system for discovering prime numbers as whole numbers that can only be divided by themselves or the number 1. Moreover, he conceived the peninsula of India Pointing towards the south-west, instead of south. He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. He was the son of Aglaus, of whom no historical record is preserved, so it is thought that he was not of an important family at the time. But Eratosthenes, who had wide-ranging interests including poetry, theatre and ethics, was first and foremost an astronomer, and Alexandria was the place to go for astronomical studies. The first discussed the problems of representing a spherical earth on a flat sheet . Who succeeded Eratosthenes as the chief librarian of Alexandria? Eratosthenes measured Earths circumference mathematically using two surface points to make the calculation. 7 de junio de 2022; where to buy used bicycles near me Uci Computer Science And Engineering, The psychological effects of incarceration: what goes on in the minds of prisoners? The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how telepresence technology was used by oceanographers in the field to assess and analyze three shipwrecks and numerous artifacts discovered during exploratory expeditions of the submerged plateau known as Eratosthenes Seamount (Fig. How did the Egyptians contribute to oceanography? It provides insights into economic, social, historic, culture, religious, political, and climate geography, plus oceanography, demographics, and more. At present it is known that the equatorial diameter is 40,075 kilometers. His work is comparable to what is now known as the study of geography, and he introduced some of the terminology still used today.[1]. Eratosthenes was called The Father Of Geography, since he was very knowledgeable about the earth. This Month in Physics History - American Physical Society Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (born c. 276 bce, Cyrene, Libyadied c. 194 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved A Tradition of Exploration Norwegian pioneers throughout history The Viking Age From 800 to 1066 AD, the Vikings journeyed in their longships to explore and establish trade around Europe. Pacific Ocean- Largest, deepest, lots of islands and seamounts. The [] Lived c. 276 BC - c. 194 BC. Eratosthenes created a whole section devoted to the examination of Homer, and acquired original works of great tragic dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. This is important to marine science because these concepts are used for locations around the globe. As a young man, Eratosthenes studied in Athens. Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography Notes By NETSET CORNER History of Oceanography TIMELINE PDF Image Zoom Out. So, he measured the angle of elevation during the same period and at the same time in Alexandria with the help of a gnomon. Geography was defined by Hettner as the earths chorological science. He became famous for being the first to calculate, with considerable precision, the circumference of the earth. He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; Strabo accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians.[25]. The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes (c. 275194 BC). Name the major oceans and their main characteristics. Oceanography ch2 questionWho is responsible for the first measurement of the circumference of the earth? b. Eratosthenes He was a Greek mathematician who had a profound interest in geography. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. They believed only rivers had currents, and named this mass of water okeanos (meaning river), from which we derived our term . Menu. Eratosthenes made several important contributions to mathematics and science, and was a friend of Archimedes, the great mathematician. Ptolemy's Contributions to Geography - ThoughtCo (40,000 miles). He remained the librarian for about 40 years till his death. He lived in Athens until Ptolemy Evergetes, the king of Egypt, commissioned Eratosthenes to run the Library of Alexandria, which became the most important center of knowledge in the region. Eratosthenes made major contributions to geography. He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE192 or 194 BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician, poet, and astronomer who is known as the father of geography.