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Genetic Engineering - refers to the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population. ", Where can we buy macapuno seedlings? DNA L i g a s e, It is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can Macapuno. Medium-sized, evergreen, monoecious tree up to 20 (-30) m tall and 80 (-200) cm in diameter; all living parts exude viscid, white latex when injured. Introduction of new traits into an organism b. Ann Bot 27:505512. and transmitted securely. [11] While macapuno yields could be increased by planting macapuno-bearing palms close together or in isolation, the chances of the phenotype reoccurring in the fruits of the progeny was very low, at only 2 to 21%. Direction: Identify the following products of Recombinant DNA technology being asked for in this 6. It is cooked in coconut milk, palm sugar, and pandan leaves. Come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays. Macapuno was first described scientifically from wild specimens in 1931 by Edwin Copeland. The macapuno fruit looks exactly like a regular coconut . It went on to say, "The Raft NORD Transpacific Expedition, captained by Andrew Urbanczyk (USA), sailed from Half Moon Bay, California, USA, to the US-owned Pacific island of Guam, a straight-line distance of 5,110 nautical miles (9,463 km or 5,880 miles), The various food products that can be obtained from the coconut fruit are considered as functional food because they provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition (Mendoza 2007). Project Leader: Dr. Hayde F. Galvez 2011 Mar;4(3):241-7. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60078-3. Website keywords Malta, profile, business, economy, investment, government, tourism, financial services, banking, gaming, taxation, insurance, real estate, life ASIN : B00886F2U6. Generates ang maps molecular markers based on assembled coconut genomes, Coconut Genomics Project 3: Gene Expression Analysis Towards Coconut Genotyping and Varietal Improvement Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Green Dwarf Coconut. While the embryos of macapuno seeds are normal, the surrounding abnormal endosperm can not support their germination, thus rendering macapuno seeds effectively sterile. BREEDING or RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY. However, the traits of petiole circumference and length of leaf bearing portion showed no relationship. A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. Answer: Human Genome Project (HGP). C o s m i d s, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 2. In macapuno, the enzyme for degrading this substrate, -D-galactosidase, is not active. 1/3 . Special Features: Coconuts are a delicacy. Perspektif 19:95104. A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. Bitter melon: Show efficacy in disease diagnosis and contain anti-diabetic factors. Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry www.traditionaltree.org April 2006 The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family). 23 . -term human interaction and dissemination has altered its phenotype and the lack of a universal domestication trait has obscured the putative wild . So, beware! Human Insulin-producing bacteria Biotechnology in crop improvement and production. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.; Arecaceae), a widely distributed plant with popular culinary applications, especially of the endosperm, has several nutritional and medicinal benefits. Genetic engineering has broad applications in Biotechnology, in the areas of medicine, research, agriculture and industry. GENETIC ENGINEERING It involves the use of molecular techniques to modify the traits of a target organisms. Step-2. Healthcare Industries 2. Keywords: coconut genetic inheritance, duplicate dominant epistasis, tall-Kopyor coconut, abnormal endosperm, natural mutant 1. Biotechnology in animal health and production. macapuno trait in coconuts genetic engineeringandersen window screens replacementandersen window screens replacement 6. Thanks. Characterizes genes that regulate expression of coconut yield and copra yield/quality traits through statistical association of DNA markers and these quantitative traits using an advanced mapping population of the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA), Coconut Genomics Project 8: Development of Web-based Breeding Resource and ECO-TILLING Towards Insect Resistance Breeding Macapuno trait in Coconuts Gene Cloning A process by which large quantities of a specific, desired gene or section of DNA may be cloned or copied once the desired DNA has been isolated. and therefore the genes and the traits they carry, in man. The proportion of SSR locus-pairs in linkage disequilibrium was low (2.4%). 2008ExhibitorsList_kor - Free ebook download as Excel Spreadsheet (.xls), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read book online for free. Policy and institutional arrangements for agricultural biotechnologies in the region. fuerzas internas y externas de una empresa macapuno trait in coconuts genetic engineering. In this study, a new member of the WRI1 gene family was isolated from coconut endosperm and was named CoWRI1.Its Product Dimensions : 6 x 5 x 4 inches; 12 Ounces. Only at TermPaperWarehouse.com" Cutting the gene at the recognition sites. January 1994 . Macapuno has a firm but not hard texture, and has a pleasantly There were duck eggs whose shells were crayon red, kaong (palm fruit in syrup), taro leaves in coconut cream, cheesy corn crunch and racks of shrimp paste, dried herring in oil, dried salted rabbitsh, quail eggs in brine and bottles of banana sauce. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. An excellent example of what can be achieved is the production of macapuno coconut plants at the University of the Philippines at Los Banos. 2. Callus cultures of numerous species, including a variety of woody and herbaceous dicots and gymnosperms, as well as crown gall tissues, were established as well (23). 11S and 7S globulins of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.): Purification and characterization, Roberta N. Garcia, Rambo V. Arocena, Antonio C. Laurena, and Evelyn Mae Tecson-Mendoza. Biotechnology in crop improvement and production. Scientists in the Philippines are researching the effects of genetic engineering on coconuts in a bid to increase the lauric acid content and expand on the crop's potential for oil production. Macapuno trait in Coconuts Gene Cloning A process by which large quantities of a specific, desired gene or section of DNA may be cloned or copied once the desired DNA has been isolated. Coconut Drupe: What Benefits Do You Get From It? Enhancement of Nutrient and Water Use Efficiency Through Standardization of Engineering Support Systems for Precision Farming UPLB Engr. The various food products that can be obtained from the coconut fruit are considered as functional food because they provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition (Mendoza 2007). The appli- cation of coconut water (often incorrectly referred to as coconut milk) allowed for the culture of young embryos (25) and other recalcitrant tissues, including monocots. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): in health promotion and disease prevention. Improved Functional Properties. GENETIC ENGINEERING. Tall type at PhP 650.00 each and Dwarf at PhP 850.00. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopyor_coconut, http://thecoconutsite.com/types-of-coconut/coconut-sport-or-macapuno, http://www.marketmanila.com/archives/macapuno. Two coconut mutants are widely recognized in Southeast Asia, namely kopyor and macapuno, specifically in Indonesia and Philippines, respectively. Recombinant DNA Technology Macapuno trait in coconuts Classical breeding. turkey stuffed with rice and meat; boil water advisory near me 2021 Allergens Modification 3. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. RG Building & Landscape Services Ltdis an established family run business, with over 35 years combined experience in all aspects of building and construction for the private householder, commercial and corporate clients. The spelling cocoanut is INSTRUCTION (60 MINS) Teacher Tip: Genetic Engineering 1. Project Leader: Dr. Antonio G. Lalusin We've encountered a problem, please try again. Nguyen et al. The greasy taste of coconut milk. data of all the characters were partially adequate for genetic interpretation except FE. Genetic studies of coconuts have also confirmed pre-Columbian populations of coconuts Macapuno is a coconut variety with a jelly-like coconut meat. 1081, Ma.Angela Isabel Sevilla . In addition to that, creation and propagation of new elite varieties using marker-assisted breeding approaches could be worthwhile. Special Features: The Macapuno coconut is a variety that was caused by a genetic mutation in the 1930s. Lesson 6: Genetic Engineering - SlideShare Content Posted in 2022 . The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family). Step-2. Macapuno or coconut sport is a naturally occurring coconut cultivar which has an abnormal development of the endosperm.The result of this abnormal development is a soft translucent jelly-like flesh that fills almost the entire central cavity of coconut seeds, with little to no coconut water. the tall man aboriginal spirit; metadata api request failed: component conversion failed: file_ended; caleb foote sandlot The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. It is also used widely in processed food products, including ice creams, pastries, cakes, candies, and beverages. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Association analysis in a subset of 44 genotypes detected a single SSR locus, CnCir73 (chromosome 1) putatively associated with fruit yield component traits, which corresponded with a previously mapped quantitative trait locus in coconut. 7. macapuno trait in coconuts genetic engineering Additional evidence of their differences, in terms of morphological, biochemical and genetic characteristics, is needed. Interested buyers may contact PCRDF at 0917-8037039. Accueil; Services; Ralisations; Annie Moussin; Mdias; 514-569-8476 Stash Won't Let Me Transfer To Bank, There is a rare coconut endosperm mutant, known as Makapuno, which is characterized by a soft, extra-thick kernel, partially or completely filling the nut water cavity. The result of this abnormal development is a soft translucent jelly-like flesh that fills almost the entire central cavity of coconut seeds, with little to no coconut water. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Coconut sport fruits are also harvested. This review describes this crop, its salient endosperm phenotypes and the prevailing hypotheses associated with these. Touring the world with friends one mile and pub at a time; best perks for running killer dbd. . Direction: Make a diagram on the steps showing the process of recombinant DNA. Nguyen et al. )), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. best top 10 display lg g2 d8 2 original frame brands and get free shipping. 125V DC excitation system of CE Casecnan Water and Energy Company, Inc., Ron Reinel Descallar Luclucan 1.2 A, 6 V switching regulator design The final category is traits for industrial processes. Genetic engineering involves the use of molecular techniques to modify the traits of a target organism. Genetic Engineering/ Applications of Recombinant DNA In order to survive, Traits that were considered valuable (high fruit yield; high milk production, Macapuno trait in coconuts Classical breeding GENETIC ENGINEERING EXAMPLE VECTOR/VEHICLE THE PROCESS Insulin was the first hormone to be synthesized using genetic engineering. Outline the steps involved in genetic engineering and discuss the applications o Module 3 Patterns of Electron Flow through Light Reaction Events, General Features of the History of Life on Earth, Microbiology Lec UNIT 1 introduction, Microbiology Lec UNIT 1 introduction.doc. The coconut fruit is unique in tht it contains large amounts of this liquid over periods of ayear or more in its life cycle. Those are some differences between kopyor coconut/Macapuno tree vs coconut tree. 8.Cow: Good quality milk The coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera L.) belongs to the Arecaceae family (Order Arecales) and is the only species of the genus Cocos. In order to reduce these pressures, high-value coconut varieties (makapuno and aromatics) have been introduced in some regions, on a limited scale, but with positive outcomes. Biotechnology in forestry. This is my way of making up for lost time. Please check out my website as well and tell me your opinion. Cord. Total Meals Sent Learn More. The genetic resources in this crop are conserved mainly in field gene banks, in the coconut-growing countries. Flavr-Savr (Delayed-ripening tomatoes), RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY3. The machine has a rated capacity of 3 tons of coconut husk per day by operation. Golden Malayan Dwarf Coconut. properties. per cent macapuno fruits; the trees grow in abundance in Albay, a province in Policy and institutional arrangements for agricultural biotechnologies in the region. These versatile beans may then be used for animal feed, pressed into . I published in November 2017 my award-winning first cookbook, "Coconut Kitchen: Appetizers and Main Dishes," in the Philippines (Anvil Publishing). Apr 4, 2021 coconut embryo culture, macapuno, macapuno palm, makapuno, makapuno seedlings The coconut embryo culture technology is now being successfully applied in the rescue of Makapuno embryos. June 12, 2022 | jalopy showdown lincoln speedway Caption: A Seminar on Precision Genome Modification co-organized by PGC-Agriculture, A. Maria Regidor Street, University of the Philippines (2003) of the PCA and is now the primary method of mass-producing macapuno seedlings in coconut-producing countries. And that was before we got to the frozen food case, Genetic engineering involves the use of molecular techniques to modify the traits of a target organism. 2020 Oct 10;252(5):83. doi: 10.1007/s00425-020-03490-3. In fact, the majority of soybeans (more than 90%) grown in the U.S. are bioengineered. A simpler way to make macapuno coconut is iced milk shake. These protocols were later combined into the improved embryo culture protocol by Areza-Ubaldo, et al. 1. Tanks, contact PCA director Quimpan for available Macapuno seedlings.09303567812roque.general@yahoo.comAvailable in the last week of January, Can I have free macapuno seedlings? ]180 p. Dominant genes were in excess than recessive genes in Recombinant DNA is a technology scientists developed that made it possible to insert a human gene into the genetic material of a common bacterium. Houses For Rent In Kilmarnock, Va, The coconut is named so because of the white yellowish colour and "cluttered" texture. A biological and toxicological study of striped rice borer Chilo Suppressalis (Walker), Pensook Ratisoontorn A biological and toxicological study of the true armyworm Pseudaleta separata (Walker), Eliseo PD 729. CLASSICAL BREEDING Classical breeding practices focus on the mating of organisms with desirable qualities. Various aspects covering botany, morphology, phylogeny, development, varieties, their classification, the variability reported and the genetic resources in the crop are discussed. Agarwal RK, Bosco SJD (2017) Extraction processes of virgin coconut oil. Abraham A, Mathew PM (1963) Cytology of coconut endosperm. New techniques make it possible to use genes from totally unrelated organisms. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Coconut. Epub 2018 Sep 7. MACAPUNO Freak Coconut? A Mutant of the Philippines? In vitro culture of Macapuno coconut embryos. 7. data of all the characters were partially adequate for genetic interpretation except FE. CLASSICAL BREEDING 5. Caryologia 18:395408. Introduction of new traits into an organism b. Recombinant DNA is a technology scientists developed that made it possible to insert a human gene into the genetic material of a common bacterium. The modification of traits may involve: I. introduction of new traits into an organism II. Mature Size: 5 meters (16 feet) Origin: The Philippines. Answer: Human Genome Project (HGP). Primary ingredients generally include boiled red mung beans, kidney beans, garbanzos, sugar palm fruit (kaong), coconut sport (macapuno), and plantains caramelized in sugar. An official website of the United States government. There is no doubt about this difference. The gene or DNA that is desired is isolated using restriction enzymes. Before Difference in terms of price. ABA fruit farm: a case study, Dionne Grace R. Galicia, 1984-. Biotechnology in fisheries and aquaculture. Genetic studies of coconuts have also confirmed pre-Columbian populations of coconuts in Panama in South America. PDF. The macapuno coconut, initially identified in the Philippines (Gonzales 1914 cit. 3 . young coconut meat and make it look, feel, and taste like macapuno. Introduction. Anon (1994) Coconut and palm kernel are the primary commercial sources of lauric oils, but efforts are nearing fruition of producing them from domesticated cuphea and bioengineered rapeseed. Macapuno Coconut - Eat Best Food in Tra Vinh | Vemekong The Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) calls. English for Academic and Professional Purposes. As the makapuno trait relates to the expression of a recessive gene or genes, out-crossing between makapuno fruit-bearing . Unformatted text preview: Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region III Central Luzon SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF BALANGA BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL City of Balanga, Bataan Name: Kriz Kenshin Emerson D. Tam Week: 1st ACTIVITY SHEETS in GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 1st Quarter - Week 1, Day 1-4 (Outline the steps involved in January 1994 . This recombinant micro-organism could now produce the protein encoded by the human gene. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Biotechnology in animal health and production. Send resume and cover letter to: Sharon Bay, Publisher, San Diego Family, sharon@sandiegofamily.com. The Makapuno embryo does not develop normally because the endosperm, which supports the germination of the embryo, is abnormal and rots when the nut . macapuno trait in coconuts genetic engineering Scientists build the human insulin gene in the laboratory. Project Leader: Dr. Ma. naturally occurring until the PCA was able to develop trees that now yield 80 With the advent of genetic engineering, Burt's idea became reality. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the One of the projects (Project 5) involves the expression of coconut genes related to oil biosynthesis in a model experimental monocot plant, Zea mays L. through genetic engineering. Macapuno coconut vs regular coconut: How are they different? Makapuno (macapuno) seedlings available at PCRDF (Philippine Coconut Research and Development Foundation). Classical breeding practices focus on the mating of organisms with desirable qualities. 2 Multiplication & selection of clones containing the recombinant molecules. General Chemistry 2 - Chapter 1: The Kinetic Molecular Model and Intermolecul Types of Pile Foundation based on function.pptx, IIT Bombay WUStL Research and Educational Academy, Effect of cultural Practices on Tomatoes .pptx, businessenglish-150120092240-conversion-gate02.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. best top 10 l3gd2 and lsm3 3dlhc brands and get free shipping. Accessibility free from other macromolecules. Cord. Project Leader: Dr. Cynthia P. Saloma [4], Macapuno coconuts have a higher sucrose proportion (92% of total sugar) and contain more total amino acids compared with young mature coconuts. Cord. best top 10 l3gd2 and lsm3 3dlhc brands and get free shipping. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Expert Answer. It is traditionally Biotechnology in animal health and production. It is a coconut with a flat, round shape that is made of real coconut meat and has no water inside. Please correct my email account to: johnnyebarbaza@gmail.com, This particular papers fabulous, and My spouse and i enjoy each of the perform that you have placed into this. because the flesh of the "nut" or "fruit" is thick and has a special flavor. macapuno trait in coconuts genetic engineeringasterisk sip reload not working. Genaleen Q. Diaz In this study, a new member of the WRI1 gene family was isolated from coconut endosperm and was named CoWRI1.Its The magazine is published monthly in a print and digital format. Conventionally, plants and animals acquire new traits by traditional breeding (selection and hybridization) or through mutation. MANILA, Philippines - A University of the Philippines professor has urged Filipino scientists to develop genetically modified coconut to increase the production of lauric acid, a substance found mainly in coconut oil and is used in making soaps, insecticides and cosmetics. macapuno trait in coconuts genetic engineering. MACAPUNO TRAIT IN COCONUT 10. Coconut Sport or Macapuno. Please send to my email: johnnyebarbaza@ygmail.comThank you very much. [1] The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") [2] can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut.The name comes from the old Portuguese word coco, meaning "head" or "skull", after the three Genetic analysis of yield characters in some hybrids of coconut. Genetic studies of coconuts have also confirmed pre-Columbian populations of coconuts in Panama in South America. Oleagineux, 39: 581-586. Lesson 6 - Recombinant DNA Tech and GE.pdf - Course Hero https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083866, https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1965.10796182. This would explain why naturally-occurring macapuno palms bear both macapuno seeds and normal seeds, as pure macapuno palms would be impossible in the wild. Every sunday. Coconut milk, known as gata, and grated coconut flakes are used in the preparation of dishes such as laing, ginataan, bibingka, ube halaya, pitsi-pitsi, palitaw, buko pie and more. Other names: NIYOG, BUKO, COCO, LUBI (cebuano) The local names for coconut (niu in Polynesia and Melanesia, niyog in the Philippines and Guam) are derived from the Malay word nyiur or nyior. 3 Insertion of the selected DNA into a cloning vector to create an rDNA or chimeric DNA. 11. [2], In Indonesia, the name kelapa puan means female coconut in the Indonesian language, referring to the relatively softer texture of the fruit flesh compared to regular coconut. Macapuno. However, many of the traits that are of greatest interest to plant researchers are far more complex than single-gene qualitative traits that have an either/or classification (ex: yellow or green seeds). I want to know the prize to the market of macapuno? The coconut palm is diploid (2n=32). Signup for our newsletter to get notified about our next ride. 11,201. Phylogenomics of the coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) - Open Research: Home We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments and recommendations to the Department of Education at Isolation of Genetic Material. CLASSICAL BREEDING Classical breeding practices focus on the mating of organisms with desirable qualities. GENETIC ENGINEERING It involves the use of molecular techniques to modify the traits of a target organisms. Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Coconut Eriophyid Mite (Aceria Guerreronis Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) Population Based On Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers. Progress in Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation of Oil Palm: An The result of this is a coconut that . Moreover, though coconut cloning is a possibility, it is also beset with problems like time taken by a coconut tree to grow. Flowering And Yield Characteristics Of Macapuno Bearing Dwarf X Tall Coconut Hybrids. FOIA This is the dried meat or kernel of the coconut. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family and the only living species of the genus Cocos. Kopyor and macapuno are two coconut mutants from Southeast Asia that are often described erroneously or interchangeably mismatched due to a lack of research, so future studies are encouraged. The traditional version is just the Kelapa puan/kopyor itself, sugar, ice cubes, and water, rendering the taste of the unique coconut authentic. Coconut genomics program to boost coconut production Characteristic # 1. Yeast. The company claims that it can be used for . Website address: ma*****info (please join to view domain) Website title EVERYTHING and EVERYONE you need to do business in Malta. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more. Coconut jam is made by mixing muscovado sugar with coconut milk. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut.The name comes from the old Portuguese word coco, meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the Genetic engineering is the method of transferring genes is to move the DNA directly. The projected annual net profit is P enhancement of a present trait by increasing the As of 2015, 26 plant species have been genetically modified and approved for commercial release in at least one country. Flavr-Savr (Delayed-ripening tomatoes) Jokingly referred to as "mutant coconut" and even "freak coconut," macapuno is a genetic aberration of the regular coconut tree. Hopefully this review about the difference . enhancement of a present trait by increasing the Genetic engineering involves the use of molecular techniques to modify the traits of a target organism. Light yellow-green shade; oblong and have a medium size; easy-to-grow; sweet and delicious meat and water. Additive component (D) was significant in all the traits and was lower in magnitude than dominant components (H1 and H2) of variation for FS and FU which was firmly supported by the value of H1/D 0.5. Human Insulin-producing bacteria, Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Toronto To Thunder Bay Driving Time, macapuno trait in coconuts genetic engineering. The projected annual net profit is P INSTRUCTION (60 MINS) Teacher Tip: Genetic Engineering 1. Im sure that you will be making a really useful place. (delayed-ripening tomatoes Recombinant DNA Technology Macapuno train in coconuts Classical breeding .