As in the rest of Germany, football is the most popular sport in Stuttgart which is home to 'The Reds' and 'The Blues'. Stuttgart is one of the four government regions in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.. Landkreise (Rural districts) Kreisfreie Städte (Urban districts) Böblingen It regularly stages opera, ballet and theatre productions as well as concerts. [citation needed], Stuttgart also has its own rail freight centre with marshalling yards and a container terminal in the Obertürkheim area of Hedelfingen. [40][41] Despite this and his rivalry with the Swabian League, his undoing would actually come in the form of his unhappy marriage to Sabina of Bavaria. Economic migrants, called "Gastarbeiter," from Italy, and later Greece and Turkey but primarily from Yugoslavia, came flocking to Stuttgart because of the economic wonder called the "Wirtschaftswunder" unfolding in West Germany. According to a 2005 estimate, the Stuttgart urban area had between 1,238,000 and 1,250,000 people. The heaviest raid took place on 12 September 1944, when the Royal Air Force, dropping over 184,000 bombs – including 75 blockbusters – levelled Stuttgart's city centre, killing 957 people in the resulting firestorm. 502 likes. One of the headquarters of the public Südwestrundfunk (SWR; Southwest Broadcasting) channels (several radio and one TV channel; regional focus on the southwestern German States of Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate) is located in Stuttgart (the other ones being Baden-Baden and Mainz). Max Schnell The immediate aftermath of the War would be marked by the controversial efforts of Arnulf Klett, the first Oberbürgermeister of Stuttgart, to restore the city. It also has the microfilms of all church books (especially baptism, marriage, and family Death's Register) in the area of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg. [37], In 1488, Stuttgart officially became the de facto residence of the Count himself as opposed to the location of his home, the Old Castle. [145], In 1993 Stuttgart hosted the International Garden Show in the suburb of Killesberg. In the Duchy itself, battle, famine, plague and war reduced the Duchy's population of 350,000 in 1618 to 120,000 in 1648 – about 57% of the population of Württemberg. [93] The next year the Nazi regime began the arrests and deportation of Stuttgart's Jewish inhabitants, beginning with the entire male Jewish population of Stuttgart, to the police-run prison camp at Welzheim or directly to Dachau. Stuttgart was also 2007 European Capital of Sport,[179] hosting events such as the UCI World Cycling Championships Road Race and the IAAF World Athletics Final. Since 1965, it is located right next to the WLB and belongs since 2005 as a department of the Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg in. Several major companies are headquartered in Stuttgart, including Porsche,[10] Bosch,[11] Mercedes-Benz[12] and Daimler AG. Die Socialbar ist ein Treffen von Weltverbesserern. The city boasts the largest mineral water deposits in Europe after Budapest,[139][141] with over 250 springs within the urban area.[141]. [23] In addition to Backnang, Pforzheim, and Besigheim, Hermann would also found the Stuttgart we know today in c. [53] This progress was almost entirely undone when French soldiers under Ezéchiel du Mas appeared outside the city's walls in 1688 during the Nine Years' War,[53] but the city was saved from another sack due to the diplomatic ability of Magdalena Sibylla,[53] reigning over Württemberg as regent for her son,[54] Eberhard Ludwig.[55]. [176], Long-distance trains stop at Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof, the city's main line terminus, which is also used by Interregio-Express, Regional-Express and Regionalbahn trains for services to stations in the Stuttgart metropolitan area. "[21] 40% of Stuttgart's residents, and 64% of the population below the age of five, are of immigrant background. Its metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million (2008). Stuttgart is the home of two car manufacturers: Mercedes Benz and Porsche. The lakes are also used for local water supplies. The line cost about DM 4.5 … In December 2011, 613,392 people live there.[4]. The city district of Bad Cannstatt is twinned with:[181], The city district of Vaihingen is twinned with:[181], The city district of Zuffenhausen is twinned with:[181], Stuttgart has friendly relations with:[181], The 216-metre (709-foot) Fernsehturm Stuttgart at night, Romantic view on the downtown area seen from upper Lenzhalde, The Haus der Wirtschaft (House of Commerce), The mild climate and hilly landscape are perfect for viticulture, as the Romans discovered. This often surprises visitors who associate the city with its reputation as the "cradle of the automobile". The "Archive instigator" is dedicated to the dead of the city. Stuttgart, like many of Germany's major cities, was ravaged throughout the war by Allied air raids. Stuttgart is served by Stuttgart Airport (German: Flughafen Stuttgart, IATA airport code STR), an international airport approximately 13 km (8 mi) south of the city centre on land belonging mainly to neighboring towns. [29], In 700, Duke Gotfrid mentions a "Chan Stada" in a document regarding property. This number doubled, due to the incorporation of local towns, to approximately 185,000 in 1901 and then 200,000 in 1904. Stuttgart (Swabian: Schtuegord or Schduagert) is a city in Germany. Byrnes, United States Secretary of State Restatement of Policy on Germany Stuttgart", "Stuttgart und Ludwigsburg: Abschied mit Rede an die deutsche Jugend", "Anwälte, die Sprengstoff zu Terroristen trugen", "The European Council [Stuttgart Summit 1983], Stuttgart, 17-19 June 1983", "Gorbachev invites West German on Soviet space mission", "Internationale Gartenbauausstellung 1993", "Stuttgart military community: A look back to 1967 | EUCOM, Stronger Together", "The U.S. Constabulary in Post-War Germany (1946–52)", "United States Constabulary, Bamberg/Heidelberg/Vaihingen, Germany, 1946-1950", "Monument unveiled for U.S. Constabulary", "DOD announces plans to adjust posture of land forces in Europe", "Network of European Metropolitan Areas in Germany: Stuttgart", "Stuttgart Climate, Temperatures, and Weather Averages", "Storm Front Andreas – A 15-Minute Hailstorm With Catastrophic Consequences", "Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Startseite", "Die Schwäbische Maultasche steht jetzt unter Schutz der Europäischen Union", "Willkommen in der Weihnachtsmarkt-Stadt Stuttgart", "The Linden Museum – the World in Stuttgart", "The International Baptist Church of Stuttgart", "Religiöse Vielfalt in einer wachsenden Stadt – Kirche und Religion in Stuttgart im Zeitverlauf", "Kriminalität im Großstadt- und Regionalvergleich 2003", "Stuttgart, Germany; Motor Stadt (Psst! Neu Stuttgart IV was the fourth planet in the Neu Stuttgart system, and the only habitable planet in the system.. History. [98] In 1944, the city centre was entirely in ruins due to British and American bombers that could now more easily attack the city. Get in By train . Stammheim Prison, built from 1959 to 1963, came to be the place of incarceration for Ulrike Meinhof, Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, and Jan-Carl Raspe, members of a communist terrorist organization known as the Red Army Faction, during their trial at the Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart in 1975. Cinemas in Stuttgart The Corso Kino in Stuttgart-Vaihingen is the only cinema that regularly shows English-language movies. The most frequented lakes form a 3 km (1.9 mi) trio made up of the Bärensee, Neuer See and Pfaffensee. Until 2007, Stuttgart also operated regular trams. The strongest local water polo team is SV Cannstatt, which won the German championship in 2006. In the local dialects of Alemannic German it can be "Schtuegert", and in Swabian German "Stuagart"; with similar variant spellings, usually dropping the central T sound. [128] The city is often described as being "zwischen Wald und Reben", or "between forest and vines" because of its viticulture and surrounding forests. Klett also dramatically expanded the public transportation of Stuttgart with the Stuttgart Stadtbahn and, in 1961, initiated a city partnership with the French city of Strasbourg as part of an attempt to mend Franco-German relations. But it was architect Heinrich Schickhardt who would carry Tretsch's torch further; Schickhardt constructed the Stammheim Castle in the suburb of Stammheim, rebuilt the Fruchtkasten in the today's Schillerplatz,[47] and expanded the Prinzebau. 1 History 1.1 Early History 1.1.1 Old Stuttgart 1.1.2 Stuttgart: A New Beginning 1.1.3 Stuttgart on the Rise 1.1.4 Pressures from Rival Nations 1.1.5 Stuttgart's Possible Fall 1.1.6 Good Fortune in Bad Times 1.1.7 Stuttgart's Comeback 1.1.8 Stuttgart Reborn 2 Notable Buildings 3 Notable People 4 Government and Political Affiliation 5 Economics 6 Military It is unknown who created Stuttgart … An early concept of the Marshall Plan aimed at supporting reconstruction and economic/political recovery across Europe was presented during a speech 6 September 1946 given by US Secretary of State James F. Byrnes at the Stuttgart Opera House. The club is best known for its football team which is part of Germany's first division Bundesliga, missing only two seasons of play since the top tier of the German football league system was established in 1963. On 26 April 1919, a new constitution was devised, and the final draft was approved and ratified on 25 September 1919 by the Constituent Assembly. 49.8% of the population fell into other categories: Muslims, Jews and those who either followed no religion or one not accounted for in official statistics. [124] The remaining U.S. bases around Stuttgart are organized into US Army Garrison Stuttgart and include Patch Barracks, Robinson Barracks, Panzer Kaserne and Kelley Barracks. [122], Since 1967, Patch Barracks in Stuttgart has been home to the US EUCOM. [26] The land and title of Duke of Swabia remained in Liudolf's hands until his rebellion was quashed by his father four years later. Beyond bridges over an adjacent main road lies the final Green U park, Killesbergpark or 'Höhenpark' which is a former quarry that was converted for the Third Reich garden show of 1939 (and was used as a collection point for Jews awaiting transportation to concentration camps). The religious landscape in Stuttgart changed in 1534 as a direct result of the Reformation. After 1819 the community elected its own community mayor or 'Schultheiß'. In May 1965 Queen Elizabeth II made a state visit to Stuttgart and nearby Marbach and Schwäbisch Hall. They mostly perform in the Liederhalle concert hall. Winters last from December to March. The city is divided into 23 city districts. King Frederick I's Württemberg was given high status in the Confederation of the Rhine among the College of Kings, and the lands of nearby secondary German states. In the city center and densely built-up areas, the Stadtbahn runs underground. No other region in Germany registers so many patents and designs as Stuttgart. The largest is the Max-Eyth-See, which was created in 1935 by reclaiming a former quarry and is now an official nature reserve. They currently play in the Regionalliga Südwest (fourth division) at the smaller Gazi Stadium close to the TV tower in Degerloch. In 2014, 26.2% of inhabitants were Protestant and 24.0% were Roman Catholic. In 2000, 22.8% of the population did not hold German citizenship, in 2006 this had reduced to 21.7%. In 2006 it was also one of the host cities of the Football World Cup. [98] With the war increasingly turning against the Third Reich, more and more troops were pulled from the defence of the city in 1943 to fight on the Eastern Front. As is the case wherever the US military is stationed, there is an American Forces Network (AFN) station. 10th in Europe and third in Germany, behind Munich and Berlin. Stuttgart also has several famous breweries such as Stuttgarter Hofbräu, Dinkelacker, and Schwaben Bräu. In June 2009, for the first time the Greens gained the most seats in a German city with more than 500,000 inhabitants, effectively changing the balance of power in the city council. The city offers two Broadway-style musical theaters, the Apollo and the Palladium Theater (each approx. The continuing importance of wine to the local economy is marked every year at the annual wine festival ('Weindorf'). Stuttgart is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. After the temporary partitions of the County of Württemberg by the Treaties of Nürtingen, Münsingen, and Esslingen, Stuttgart was once again declared the capital of the county in 1483.