Three research designs were combined to investigate the case of Dutch politician Geert Wilders, who was convicted for hate speech against minorities in 2016. There has been a lively debate about the economic and cultural-based drivers of support for populism. The study exploits the fact that two-voter households moving in together right before an election are comparable to those moving in together right after the election. With cyber terrorism a mounting international concern, this study demonstrates how exposure to this threat can generate strong public support for retaliatory policies, depending on the lethality of the attack. The results are robust to several robustness checks, including benchmarking with singles who move to mitigate the cost of moving in the analysis. Political leaders across Africa frequently accuse the media of promoting homosexuality, while activists often use the media to promote pro-LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) narratives. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. This might lead voters to hold experienced governments more accountable for economic conditions. This study examined if and for whom prosecution of politicians for hate speech undermines support for the legal system and democracy. Using a unique dataset based on thirty-four ballot decisions in Switzerland, it explores the justifications voters give for their ballot decisions in open-ended survey answers. To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. These anti-regime attitudes are more likely to be passed down to the younger generation if family members discuss politics frequently than if they do not. The paper argues for a causal interpretation of these findings, which are robust for the share of children in permanent schools and suggestive for the content of the curriculum. Description: The British Journal of Political Science is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. While Libertarian Paternalism cannot provide a satisfactory answer, the author defends a contractualist account of paternalism based on a notion of primary goods and democratic deliberation. This article explores these divergent predictions about the relationship between tenure and the economic vote using three datasets. They have major implications for the study of institutional design and coalition politics. The paper therefore concludes that the railroad, the defining innovation of the First Industrial Revolution, mattered directly for the state's ability to implement public policies. Finally, the article examines a municipal reform in Denmark that assigned some voters to new local incumbents and finds that these voters responded more strongly to the local economy. In addition, democratic institutions that disadvantage new parties and actors benefit autocratic parties. Models 1, 3 and 5 include respondent fixed effects, while Models 2, 4 and 6 include municipality fixed effects and a set of individual-level controls (gender, age, income and education level). The study operationalizes the outcome as textual similarity of party manifestos in nineteen Western democracies from 1960 to 2016, applying a text-as-data approach and machine translation. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations (BJPIR) is an international journal that publishes innovative, cutting edge contemporary scholarship on international relations, comparative politics, public policy, political theory and (especially) politics and policy in the United Kingdom. The British Journal of Political Science (BJPolS) is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. How do parties decide when to campaign on valence issues given high degrees of uncertainty? Do Disabled Candidates Represent Disabled Citizens? Threat of harm has the largest positive effect on perceptions of violence and support for repression. It also uses a measure of debate influence, based on the degree to which words used by one legislator are adopted by other members, to show that female ministers also increase the influence of female backbenchers. These defeats highlight a prominent puzzle in the study of party competition and voting behavior; the empty center phenomenon. Does the importance of the economy change during a government's time in office? This article offers an explanation for the failures of US military assistance programs in some countries. Our recommendations challenge dominant liberal-democratic frameworks by emphasizing variation across the (1) objects of tolerance; (2) possible responses to difference; and (3) sources of tolerance. This article falls broadly into the third category, offering a consensus-oriented explanation of the historical development of parliamentary rules. It discusses whether and how (1) migration may be a cause of terrorism, (2) terrorism may influence natives' attitudes towards immigration and their electoral preferences and (3) terrorism may lead to more restrictive migration policies and how these in turn may serve as effective counter-terrorism tools. The article develops a novel theory of how regime characteristics condition responses to external military support, and identifies a distinct mechanism through which military aid increases domestic political violence. This study takes an exploratory approach and analyses the determinants of principled versus pragmatic reasoning in direct democracy, in which citizens make direct policy decisions at the ballot box. Review this journal Show reviews. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Morality Politics in Direct Democracy, Reconsidering Tolerance: Insights From Political Theory and Three Experiments, Negativity Bias: The Impact of Framing of Immigration on Welfare State Support in Germany, Sweden and the UK, Incumbent Tenure Crowds Out Economic Voting, When Deliberation Produces Persuasion rather than Polarization: Measuring and modeling Small Group Dynamics in a Field Experiment, Escaping the Disengagement Dilemma: Two Field Experiments on Motivating Citizens to Report on Public Services, Stuck in the middle: Ideology, valence and the electoral failures of centrist parties, The Effects of Female Leadership on Women's Voice in Political Debate, The Political Dynamics of Portfolio Design in European Democracies, The Politics of Procedural Choice: Regulating Legislative Debate in the UK House of Commons, 1811–2015, Media's Influence on LGBTQ Support Across Africa, The Political Morality of School Composition: The Case of Religious Selection, Muslim Trade and City Growth Before the Nineteenth Century: Comparative Urbanization in Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia, URL: /core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science. This article revisits this question by studying the popularity of governments during the economic crisis. Using new survey items in a large representative survey administered in Britain, it shows that citizens' economic assessments of the ethnic minority out-group – in relation to the group's situation 12 months ago and to assessments of the economic conditions of the white British in-group – are a predictor of support for Brexit. This case therefore demonstrates that hate speech prosecution can damage the democratic system it is intended to defend. The article presents evidence that immigrants who live in areas with a high ethnic density are less likely to be nominated for political office. These results imply that elected officials enjoy less leeway for their actions than existing work allows, and highlight important tensions concerning the relationship between elite behavior and accountability processes. Using survey data from Canada, Finland, Germany and the United Kingdom, this article shows that deterioration of centrist parties’ valence image is followed by a collapse of their vote shares. It further demonstrates that this occurs even when the counter-explanation comes from a partisan source with low credibility. Using fine-grained data on local education outcomes in Sweden in the nineteenth century, the paper tests the idea that the development of the railroad network enabled national school inspectors to monitor remote schools more effectively. High-capacity rulers can rely on local agents and institutions to subtly manipulate elections, for instance by controlling the media or inhibiting the work of domestic election monitors throughout the territory while staying clear of costly manipulation such as election violence. Potentially driving these partisan differences, Republican leaders are especially likely to believe that extremists can win general elections and overestimate the electorate's conservatism by double digits. The findings indicate that only lethal cyber terrorism triggers strong support for retaliation. Nevertheless, recent empirical analyses argue that constitutional amendment rules do not matter at all. The implications of relative group-based economics are important for understanding Brexit and the economic sources of support for populism more broadly. Scholars have long sought to understand when and why the Middle East fell behind Europe in its economic development. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. This article has benefited enormously from comments received from Robert Adcock, Ben Bishin, Fred Chernoff, Michael Three competing explanations have emerged in studies of the US Congress, focusing on efficiency, partisan forces and non-partisan (or: ideology-based) accounts. We randomly assigned reporters to be recruited by community nomination and to be recognized by community leaders in an attempt to select for and motivate information sharing. But how does state capacity support autocrats during elections? These findings suggest a second phase in research on democratic fatigue that broadens the analytical scope for the multi-faceted nature of democratic support. Pr., 1971- Japan’, American Political Science Review, 87 (1993), 577–89). Linking voter and candidate data from the 2015 British general election, this study examines whether disabled citizens are better represented by disabled elites. Yet, recent studies have argued that Western citizens are turning their backs on the system of self-governance, thereby eroding the societal foundations of consolidated democracies. This article provides an overview of the literature on the relationship between terrorism and migration. Extending the analysis to a comparison of geographic in- and out-groups between local communities and London lends additional support to the argument. In contrast, military assistance has no effect on violence in established, non-personalist regimes. This study leverages population registry data from Sweden to examine whether immigrants who live in areas with a high concentration of ethnic minorities are more or less likely to be nominated for political office. This article uses original data to predict the post-transition fates of eighty-four autocratic ruling parties through 2015. A key finding in the literature on authoritarian regimes is that leaders frequently rely on ruling parties to stay in power, but the field lacks systematic ways to measure autocratic party strength. However, it is not known whether this distinction is as clear-cut from a citizen's perspective. Journal info (provided by editor) The editor of British Journal of Political Science has not yet provided information for this page. These projects are often delivered to resource-rich countries, in the form of packaging access to resources and infrastructure construction, to improve China's own energy access. The study provides ground-breaking insights into the role of disability in policy preferences and political representation while also highlighting broader implications of how the descriptive–substantive representation link is analysed. The proposed theory gives rise to different expectations at the domestic and transnational levels because of the distinct logic of issue competition. Voters use both types of justifications almost equally frequently. why do members of parliament (MPs) impose limits on their own rights? An additional problem arises because Japanese electoral politics is heavily person- or candidate-centred (cf. The research demonstrates the benefits of greater dialogue across political theory and political science, while shedding light on a central question of tolerance today. This study develops a theory that accounts for actors' mixed approach to the media and shows how different types of media create distinct effects on public opinion of LGBTQs. In conclusion, all three studies point in the same direction: economic voting decreases with time in office. The authors define the construct of ‘persuasion’ as a change in the systematic component of an individual's preference, separate from measurement error, that results from exposure to interpersonal interaction. Despite a growing interest in British Political Development and the institutional changes of nineteenth-century UK politics, the academic literature has remained largely silent on this topic. 3 Mark A. Kayser, ‘Trade and the Timing of Elections’, British Journal of Political Science, 36 (2006), 437-57. All issues of British Journal of Political Science - Cristina Bodea, Paul Bou-Habib, Shaun Bowler, Tobias Böhmelt, Robert Johns, Lucas Leemann, René Lindstädt, Petra Schleiter. As such, the aggregate level of political interest of an electorate – macrointerest – is an essential commodity in a democracy, and understanding the forces that change macrointerest is important for diagnosing the health of a democracy. The literature on the relationship between foreign aid and institutions has found that the effects of aid vary across different donor characteristics and delivery mechanisms. However, the social environment affects not only people's choices or means, but also the preferences they adopt in the first place. By distinguishing between vertical and horizontal dimensions of political accountability, the study finds that China's resource-related projects are particularly detrimental to the accountability of recipient countries' horizontal (legislative and judicial) institutions. Why do some former autocratic parties prosper under democracy while others quickly dissolve? Specifically, the study finds that radio and television have no, or a negative, significant effect on pro-gay attitudes, whereas individuals who consume more newspapers, internet or social media are significantly more likely to support LGBTQs (by approximately 2 to 4 per cent). These findings speak to why Middle Eastern and Central Asian cities – which had long benefited from their central location between Europe and Asia – declined as Europeans found alternative routes to the East and opened trade opportunities in the New World. The historical development of rules of debate in the UK House of Commons raises an important puzzle: why do members of parliament (MPs) impose limits on their own rights? The British Journal of Political Science is an independent journal, whose policy is set by its editorial team with the approval of its editorial board. Comparative analyses of party policy diffusion are only just emerging. The Brian Barry Prize in Political Science, Find out more about sending to your Kindle, Railroads and Reform: How Trains Strengthened the Nation State, Elite Communication and the Popular Legitimacy of International Organizations – CORRIGENDUM, Immigrant Political Representation and Local Ethnic Concentration: Evidence from a Swedish Refugee Placement Program, The Diminishing Value of Representing the Disadvantaged: Between Group Representation and Individual Career Paths, Learning at Home and Abroad: How Competition Conditions the Diffusion of Party Strategies, Who Gets What: The Economy, Relative Gains and Brexit, Can Elites Escape Blame by Explaining Themselves? International Scientific Journal & Country Ranking. You are leaving Cambridge Core and will be taken to this journal's article submission site. Parties succeed when they have authoritarian legacies that easily translate to democratic competition, such as broad programmatic experience, strong organization and policy success. It then explains why the lack of constitutional rigidity is a necessary but not sufficient condition for significant constitutional amendments in democratic countries. Some scholars have argued that political party leaders tend to support centrist candidates in the hopes of winning general elections. The study demonstrates the diminishing value of representing the disadvantaged across different types of MPs. The results highlight the importance of social norms and the household's essential role as a proximate social network that increases turnout. … Support for repressing a nonthreatening out-group is at least as large as support for repressing a threatening in-group. In localities to which school inspectors could travel by rail, a larger share of children attended permanent public schools and took classes in nation-building subjects such as geography and history. The Brian Barry Prize in Political Science, Find out more about sending to your Kindle, The Political Legacy of Violence During China's Cultural Revolution, Violence on Many Sides: Framing Effects on Protest and Support for Repression, Military Aid, Regime Vulnerability and the Escalation of Political Violence, Ruling Parties in Authoritarian Regimes: Rethinking Institutional Strength, How State Capacity Helps Autocrats win Elections, Don't Call It a Comeback: Autocratic Ruling Parties After Democratization, Principled or Pragmatic? British Journal of Political Science's journal/conference profile on Publons, with 1132 reviews by 555 reviewers - working with reviewers, publishers, institutions, and funding agencies to turn peer review into a measurable research output. However, few studies have analysed whether citizens reason in principled or pragmatic ways on different issues. Whereas extant theories emphasize radical reinvention and outsider struggle, the author argues that success is instead about maintaining ruling-party advantages into the democratic period. These findings have important implications for theories of distributive politics and conflict in multi-ethnic societies. Their sample consists of a unique data base that combines biographical information on German MPs with topic-coded parliamentary questions for the period 1998 to 2013. Furthermore, right-wing voters more often argue in pragmatic terms. The effect of positive framing is considerably weaker and does not strengthen welfare support in any of the three countries. American Journal of Political Science, 53 (2009), 950-70; HeeMin Kim and Richard C. Fording, ‘Voter Ideology, the Economy, and the International Environment in Western Democracies, 1952-1989’, Political Behavior, 23 (2001), 53-73. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Moreover, the exact diffusion mechanism remains largely elusive. In two field experiments, we studied potential remedies to this dilemma related to solid waste services in Uganda. Although past studies have provided evidence of transnational emulation of parties' position-taking strategies, these findings do not directly apply to saliency strategies. To send this article to your account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. This paper examines the relationship between the coming of the railroads, the expansion of primary education, and the introduction of national school curricula. Findings also confirm that anger bridges exposure to cyber terrorism and retaliation, rather than psychological mechanisms such as threat perception or anxiety as other studies propose. First, the study shows that, on average, austerity packages hurt incumbent parties in opinion polls. Description: The British Journal of Political Science is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. Secondly, using individual-level data from sixty election surveys covering ten countries, the article shows that voters' perceptions of the economy have a greater impact on government support when the government is inexperienced. Power consolidation by an insecure leader often provokes violent opposition. Political Science, 1 (2006), 201–26; Jeffrey M. Stonecash, Class and Party in American Politics (Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 2000). Whether citizens are better represented by politicians ‘like them’ has been the subject of much debate and analysis. 461-2. The author addresses this question by examining parliamentary debates in the UK House of Commons. Depending on the model specification, turnout increases by 3.5 to 10.6 percentage points in the months after taking up cohabitation. 2 MSR, pp. Instead, one finds a * Department of Political Science, Boston University (email: jgerring@bu.edu). Analyzing dyads, it assesses how commonalities and sender/receiver attributes impact diffusion. To better understand the conditions under which diffusion occurs, this article argues that three heuristics – availability, representativeness and anchoring – shape parties' efforts to gather information (from elsewhere), leading to differing diffusion effects. The design of the social environment inevitably makes some choices easier than others. : British journal of political science. Yet, this scholarship has largely ignored the 1 in 5 people who are disabled and experience economic, social and political marginalization. Description: The British Journal of Political Science is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. It distinguishes between pragmatic (or consequentialist) arguments and principled (or value-based) arguments. This article proposes a new statistical method to measure persuasion within small groups, and applies this approach to a large-scale randomized deliberative experiment. Likewise, in open-ended questions, Democratic Party leaders are twice as likely to say they look for extreme candidates relative to centrists; Republican Party leaders are five times as likely. British Journal of Political Science. To promote good governance, citizens can inform governments directly and routinely about the implementation of policies and the delivery of public services. Note: the response variables are indicators of political interest, interest in the election outcome and political knowledge. CrossRef Google Scholar Kunioka , T and Woller , GM ( 1999 ) In (a) democracy we trust: social and economic determinants of support for democratic procedures in central and Eastern Europe . Because being interested in politics requires time and effort, the article theorizes that the electorate's level of political interest will be highest when the electorate believes the government cannot be trusted or is performing poorly. According to Libertarian Paternalists, these facts justify governments nudging people towards better choices through changes to the so-called choice architecture. When autocratic ruling parties accede to democratization, they do not always fade away into history. Constitutional amendment rules have traditionally been considered the most important part of a constitution. Through a series of controlled, randomized experiments, this study exposed respondents (n = 2,028) to television news reports depicting cyber and conventional terror attacks against critical infrastructures in the United States, United Kingdom and Israel. During the Great Recession, governments across the continent implemented austerity policies. They argue, further, that policies allowing schools to select all their students on the basis of their parents’ religious affiliation cannot be justified. Finally, the framing of the issue during the campaign significantly affects moral versus pragmatic justifications. In addition, diffusion appears within EP factions and transnational party organizations independently of the success/loss of the sender. How Local Ethnic Demography Shapes Political Favoritism in Africa, URL: /core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science. MPs represent their respective group at the beginning of their career because it confers credibility when they have no legislative track record and few opportunities to demonstrate expertise. Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. At the same time, state control is negatively associated with election violence. Specifically, they show that portfolios are changed frequently (on average about once a year) and that such shifts are more likely after changes in the prime ministership or the party composition of the government. Secondly, it demonstrates that the magnitude of this electoral punishment is contingent on the economic and political context: in instances of rising unemployment, the involvement of external creditors and high protest intensity, the cumulative impact of austerity on government popularity becomes considerable. It starts by explaining the underlying logic of the veto players approach and describing the specific derivation of the rules for the construction of the rigidity index, which aggregates all institutional provisions in a logically consistent way. To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. You are leaving Cambridge Core and will be taken to this journal's article submission site. A review of the empirical literature on the migration–terrorism nexus indicates that (1) there is little evidence that more migration unconditionally leads to more terrorist activity, especially in Western countries, (2) terrorism has electoral and political (but sometimes short-lived) ramifications, for example, as terrorism promotes anti-immigrant resentment and (3) the effectiveness of stricter migration policies in deterring terrorism is rather limited, while terrorist attacks lead to more restrictive migration policies. To send this article to your account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. The author argues that one specific aspect of state capacity – control over territory through the state apparatus – helps autocrats ensure large majority electoral victories. This article argues that preference architecture constitutes a fundamental challenge to the justificatory basis of Libertarian Paternalism. The results have important implications, especially given the growing politicization of same-sex relations and changing media consumption habits across Africa. This article addresses a critical limitation in the literature on elite explanation giving and accountability: the absence of attention to conflicting information regarding the official's behavior. The research represents, to the author's knowledge, the first systematic and directional test of a range of competing theories of UK parliamentary reform, shedding light on the process of parliamentary reform over a prolonged period of Commons history, and advancing several new measures of polarization in the UK House of Commons. Yet while state repression has created anti-regime attitudes, it has decreased citizens’ contentious behavior. Moreover, given the choice between a more centrist and more extreme candidate, they strongly prefer extremists: Democrats do so by about 2 to 1 and Republicans by 10 to 1. (2016, 2018), and to apply the proposed framework to issues of school composition and selection. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. The findings, based on survey experiments on over 9,000 individuals in Germany, Sweden and the UK, show that negative framing of immigration has a strong and pervasive effect on support for welfare. Does enhanced descriptive representation lead to substantive representation? 1971 - 2021 From Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press, UPH, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8BS UK. As a result, it is not clear how often ruling parties are actually strong and capable of carrying out important functions. The authors examine Eurasian urbanization patterns as a function of distance to Middle Eastern trade routes before and after 1500 CE – the turning point in European breakthroughs in seafaring, trade and exploration. You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches". If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. The success of protests depends on whether they favorably affect public opinion: nonviolent resistance can win public support for a movement, but regimes counter by framing protest as violent and instigated by outsiders. The results suggest that proximity to historical Muslim trade routes was positively associated with urbanization in 1200 but not in 1800. In experiments, they find that local party leaders most prefer nominating candidates who are similar to typical co-partisans, not centrists.